The need for drug testing has never been more crucial…and employer liability only increases as society becomes more casual in the acceptance of drug abuse.

Legalization

Now we may not be as laid back as our friends up north who are handing out free drugs to everyone, but more and more places in the US are legalizing drugs. The CDC reported in June 2020 that 13% of adults, age 18 and older, started or increased their substance use as a result of the pandemic. This means that 33.6 million adults began using illicit drugs to cope with emotions related to COVID-19. ODMAP, an overdose reporting system, found that 62% of US counties experienced increased drug overdoses due to the pandemic.

To keep your workplace safe, productive, and drug-free, knowing all your drug testing options is essential. Common drug test types include urine, saliva, and hair testing.

What Should I Test For?

It is essential to know which drugs to screen for. Some commonly abused drugs are:

• Narcotics: includes heroin, fentanyl, morphine, opium, methadone
• Depressants: includes benzodiazepines, barbiturates, methaqualone, quaaludes
• Stimulants: includes cocaine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, methamphetamine
• Hallucinogens: common “club drugs” such as ecstasy, LSD, phencyclidine
• Cannabis: includes marijuana, THC, hashish
• Synthetics: includes spice, bath salts, anabolic steroids

Types Of Testing Available

It is also essential to review your company policy to ensure all your drug testing needs are being met. Blueline offers many different testing options. Our most popular tests are:

• 5 Panel: includes amphetamines, cocaine, marijuana, opiates, and phencyclidine
• 7 Panel: consists of all 5-panel drugs, plus barbiturates and benzodiazepines
• 9 Panel: consists of all 7-panel drugs, plus barbiturates propoxyphene
• 10 Panel: includes all 9-panel drugs, plus methadone and methaqualone
• Popular Add-ons: tramadol, meperidine, fentanyl, spice, bath salts

Knowing which drugs to screen for can be tricky. Luckily, Blueline can help you navigate the right testing configuration for your organization and the proper drug testing policy catered specifically to your needs.

The post It’s Been a While Since Breaking Bad, so Here’s Your Refresher Course on Illegal Drugs appeared first on Blueline.

DOT Update on Revised CCF

The changes were made to accommodate the use of oral fluid specimens for the Federal drug testing program. However, oral fluid testing is NOT authorized in the DOT’s drug testing program.

If the old CCF is used after August 30, a Memorandum for the Record (MFR) must be completed, or the test will be canceled. Test results may also take longer if you choose to use the old CCF and an MFR, instead of using the revised CCF.

If you decide to keep the chain of custody forms on hand, you will need to order the revised CCF from Blueline. The online platform is updated to reflect these changes as well. If you are going to use a collection site, they will have the revised CCF there for you.

To order the revised CCF or if you have any questions, reach out to us at mail@blueline-services.com.

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Addiction recovery centers are also going to be set up for free, using tax revenues from marijuana sales as funding.

Drug policies were changed in New Jersey and Arizona to allow the legalization of recreational marijuana. Mississippi voted to allow the use of medical marijuana. There was also a major change in Washington, D.C., where a measure was passed decriminalizing the use of hallucinogenic mushrooms.

There are definite concerns within the drug testing industry about how these changes are going to impact the ability to continue workplace drug testing. Continuing drug testing is imperative, though the idea of just testing for marijuana and/or alcohol is becoming outdated. Continue testing for them, but going forward, a full panel of drugs may be a more effective manner of testing.

While each state is creating its own rules and regulations regarding drug testing and collection processes, one thing is still going to be vital. Companies are still going to be liable for safety-sensitive positions that may cause accidents. Testing within these groups is ultimately going to keep both employees and the public safer.

As Oregon legalizes most drugs, more states are legalizing and lessening restrictions on drugs, the testing industry is going to go through changes. We are here to help our clients navigate these new waters and keep you up to date on any new regulations and changes coming your way.

The post Oregon Legalizes Most Drugs appeared first on Blueline.

Workplace Injuries are Climbing

Manufacturing, construction, and transportation sectors tend to have higher rates of injury than most due to the industries’ nature. As a result of accidents happening at work, the employee and the employer face challenging times ahead.

The loss of salary, time, and increased healthcare expenses all contribute to the stress and worry of dealing with injuries. While several things can cause workplace accidents, drug and alcohol usage is a rising factor in on the job accidents.

Positive Tests on the Rise

An analysis from the Quest Diagnostics Drug Testing Index shows a significant increase in positive tests over the last five years. The number of people working under the influence of drugs and alcohol is on the rise as well. The safety-sensitive workforce is experiencing the highest levels of post-accident positivity rates as measured by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).

Drug Testing Programs

Drug testing programs can help an employer’s lower workplace accidents and injuries. Pre-employment drug testing is a great way to keep potential users from even applying for the job. Focusing on workplace safety initiatives within your company should include a drug testing policy. It will show prospective employees that you care about the health and well-being of all the employees.

There are several positive reasons to implement a testing program. The most important reason is the safety of your employees.  A safe workforce is a productive one.

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Positive Tests From Marijuana Use

In the US workforce, positive tests are on the rise, with an increase of 29% since 2015. The continued increase year over year is telling of wider distribution and availability of the drug, leaving employers struggling to meet federal guidelines and not violate state legislation.

Why should there be a concern about using marijuana? Since it isn’t legal on the federal level, the FDA doesn’t regulate it. Products have no central oversight to ensure safety. There are different guidelines in different states, making the overall manufacturing and distribution largely up to the distributors.

Unwanted Side-Effects

Marijuana use can be a serious safety concern within the construction, manufacturing, and transportation industries. With continued use, marijuana can cause several long-term side-effects that can negatively impact the workplace.  Using the drug can cause mental health issues such as depression, paranoia, psychosis, and several other problems. Users also run the risk of addiction and the deterioration of essential brain functions. All of these side effects can cause workplace issues.

The state legislature sets the rules about testing. When going through the testing process, we can help navigate this tricky subject and make your drug testing program meet the requirements placed on you by the state.

The post Marijuana Use is Way Up, Testing Shows appeared first on Blueline.

To see more detailed information on the difference between CBD and THC as well as current state legislation on CBD levels, check out our previous blog post that covers that here.

CBD or cannabidiol is one of around 400 compounds found in cannabis. And while CBD is a cannabinoid and shares some structural similarities with THC, it does not product a “high” like the THC portion of the plant does.

Because CBD does not create a high, it is perceived as less harmful. Many different products have emerged that contain CBD to help users benefit from its therapeutic and medical properties, such as:

-Oil (most popular)
-Beauty and health products
-Vapors
-Infused edibles (gummies, chocolates, etc.)

However, despite CBD being less harmful, it may still cause adverse reactions in some people. Reported side effects from human and/or animal studies have included:

-Fatigue/drowsiness
-Changes in appetite
-Decreased blood pressure
-Anxiety
-Possible endocrine disruption
-Altered immune function
-Dizziness
-Psychomotor slowing
-Diarrhea

Will CBD affect my drug test results?

Maybe. CBD itself would not show up positive on a drug test for marijuana or marijuana metabolite. However, in some states, CBD can contain up to 5% THC. If the CBD product contained THC at a sufficiently high concentration, there is a possibility that it could result in a positive urine drug test result.

It is also important to remember that the use of CBD or “medical marijuana” is still not considered an alternative medical explanation for a positive test result in federally-mandated drug tests. CBD is still classified as a Schedule I substance and remains illegal at the federal level.

As an employer it’s more important than ever to stay up-to-date in the always-changing landscape of marijuana, and most importantly, to make sure that your drug testing policies stay updated as well.

Please make sure that your company’s substance abuse policy is updated to clearly reflect your position on marijuana and the use of CBD products within your workplace.

The post CBD and Drug Testing appeared first on Blueline.

Q: What is marijuana?
A: Marijuana is the product of the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa, containing the psychoactive chemical delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other related compounds. Popular names or bslang for the drug include weed, pot, or cannabis.

Q: How do people use marijuana?
A: Marijuana is typically smoked using rolled paper cigarettes (joints), pipes, water pipes (bongs), and vaporizers. However, the drug is also mixed into edibles and drinks and extracted into oils and waxes.

Q: How does marijuana affect users?
A: Marijuana use impacts the human body both physically and mentally. The “high” from the drug can include distorted senses, impaired judgment, lack of balance and coordination, increased appetite, elevated heart rate, and sometimes anxiety and panic.

Q: How many people use marijuana?
A: Below is the most current data estimating marijuana use.
-The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) reports more than 26 million Americans aged 12 or older, or 9.6% of the total population, were current users of marijuana in 2017.
-The World Drug Report 2019 estimates that there were 188 million global cannabis users in 2017.
-Marijuana comprised the most common substance use disorder, impacting an estimated 4.1 million Americans in 2017, according to the NSDUH.

Q: Can an employer drug test for marijuana?
A: Yes. There are currently no restrictions (other than New York City which is expected to implement restrictions beginning in May 2020) limiting an employer’s ability to drug test for marijuana, although there may be limitations on permissible disciplinary action that an employer may take if an employee is using marijuana in accordance with that state’s marijuana
laws. In general, state medical and recreational use statutes impact only a very small number of employees in most workplaces. Today, more than 97.6% of all non-regulated drug tests include marijuana in their panel (according to Quest Diagnostics).

Q: What is the marijuana positivity rate for workplace drug tests?
A: The latest Quest Diagnostics Drug Testing Index ™ reported that marijuana continues to top the list of the most commonly detected illicit substances across all workforce categories (general U.S. workforce; federally mandated, safety-sensitive workforce; and the combined U.S.
workforce, which includes the prior two populations) and all specimen types (urine, oral fluid, and hair).

Q: How is marijuana classified under Federal law?
A: Under Federal law, marijuana remains classified as a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) and is illegal for any purpose. Drugs classified under Schedule I are defined as dangerous with a potential for severe psychological or physical dependence and are considered to have a “high potential for abuse” with “no currently accepted medical value.”

Q: How is marijuana classified under state law?
A: Despite its status under Federal law, states continue to pass legislation regarding permissible uses of marijuana for both medical and recreational purposes. State marijuana laws are inconsistent and constantly changing. Among other things, these state laws can impact company drug testing policies and procedures, workplace drug testing program administration, and how drug test results are reviewed and handled. As of August 2019:
-33 states and Washington, D.C. have medical marijuana laws
-11 states and Washington, D.C. with medical marijuana have also passed recreational use laws
-14 other states have low THC/high cannabidiol (CBD) laws for medical purposes

Q: How can states continue to pass medical and recreational marijuana legislation if marijuana is illegal under Federal law?
A: Even though marijuana is illegal for any purpose under the CSA, the enforcement of the CSA is within the discretion of the federal government. During the Obama administration, federal agencies, including specifically the Department of Justice, de- prioritized marijuana enforcement in states with medical marijuana laws through policy guidance. Congress has also previously passed statutory budget amendments to limit federal agency enforcement initiatives that interfere with state medical marijuana laws.

Q: How do state laws influence marijuana use in the workplace?
A: The extent of employment protections are afforded to employees in states that have passed marijuana legislation varies widely from state to state. Currently, employees protections fall broadly into four general categories:
1. States with no employee protection.
2. States likely providing no employee protections
3. States with explicit employee protections
4. States with unclear employee protections

Q: If an employee tests positive for marijuana/marijuana metabolites on an employment-related drug test, does that mean the employee is ‘impaired?’
A: No, a positive workplace drug test alone does not equate to impairment. While employment policies often prohibit employees from using drugs or being impaired at the worksite or during work hours, there is currently no drug workforce test (excluding alcohol tests measuring blood alcohol concentration) that can inform an employer as to whether an employee is ‘impaired’ based on the concentration (level) of drugs/metabolites present in a donor specimen. Some state laws explicitly address what can and cannot be considered for determining whether an employee is ‘impaired’ by marijuana, but most do not. Proper guidance and training of employees and supervisors to recognize objective, observable behavior and other symptoms related to drug use are critical for making impairment and reasonable suspicion drug testing determinations.
-Note: Only a handful of states have defined impairment due to marijuana use as it relates to operating a motor vehicle and those levels in blood vary. Currently, there is no consensus on what the standard of impairment is for marijuana.

Q: What are some important considerations in a company policy for marijuana?
A: It is imperative that employers maintain clearly written, and consistently applied, workplace drug testing policies that comply with all applicable laws. Drafting and implementing a written workplace drug testing policy should be undertaken only after consultation with an attorney knowledgeable of the applicable laws.

Q: What are some common misperceptions about marijuana?
A: Common misconceptions about marijuana include that the substance is harmless, not addictive, and lacks long-term effects.

Q: Is all marijuana the same?
A: No. Marijuana has various strains and hybrids, with varying THC levels (i.e. potency). It is grown under varying conditions and is sold in nonstandard amounts at marijuana dispensaries. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), today’s THC concentrations in marijuana average close to 15% compared to approximately 4% in the marijuana of the 1980s.

Q: Is medical marijuana safe?
A: While the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several synthetic THC and CBD drugs for use in chemo-induced nausea and epilepsy treatments. Marijuana remains illegal at the Federal level and the FDA has not approved it as a safe and effective drug.

Q: What is the standard dose of marijuana used medicinally?
A: There are no standard safety or efficacy requirements for medical marijuana because the “U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not approved a marketing application for marijuana for any indication.” In those states with medical marijuana statutes, physicians or other authorized providers may provide a “recommendation” of medical marijuana use, but may not legally “prescribe” marijuana. Synthetic THC (e.g., dronabinol capsule) can be prescribed and is dispensed based on recommended dosing guidelines and the physician’s judgment.

Q: Can someone taking cannabidiol (CBD) test positive on a drug test?
A: Maybe. In laboratory testing, CBD itself would not be confused with THC or its metabolites that laboratories typically test for in a workforce drug test. If the CBD product contains THC at a sufficiently high concentration, it is possible, depending on usage patterns, that the use of these products could cause a positive drug test result for marijuana and/or its metabolites. For example, in two states, CBD may contain up to 5% THC. It is important to remember that for federally-mandated drug tests, the use of CBD or “medical marijuana” would not be considered an alternative medical explanation for a positive drug test result.

Q: Can secondhand marijuana smoke render a positive drug test?
A: There are no published, peer-reviewed studies to date that indicate, even with today’s increased concentrations of THC in marijuana, that someone would test positive due to ‘passive’ or ‘incidental’ exposure at events such as parties or concerts.” The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) concurs, reporting that it unlikely that secondhand marijuana smoke could give someone a contact high after examining research that measured factors such as drug potency, hours of exposure, and room ventilation.

The post Marijuana: Frequently Asked Questions appeared first on Blueline.

They follow the story of “Evan” a self-proclaimed cannabis addict who has been struggling to get sober. While legalization may not be the cause of his weed dependence, it certainly hasn’t helped his struggle. He recalls advertisements with lines such as, “Shop. It’s legal” and “Hello marijuana, goodbye hangover” being “in [his] face” during his hard-fought seven weeks of sobriety.

It was “seven weeks of sleepless nights, intermittent nausea, irritability, trouble focusing, and psychological turmoil” he said, with quitting not being so much of a ‘can’ as a ‘must’.

Evan isn’t alone with his struggle. Similar struggles or addictions are becoming more and more commonplace with the share of cannabis users who consume the drug daily or near-daily having jumped 50 percent in the last few years.

This jump coupled with “increasingly permissive cannabis legislation, attitudes, and lower risk perception” as the National Institute of Health put it, has public-health experts worried. People across the country have gone “from treating cannabis as if it were as dangerous as heroin to treating it as if it were as benign as kombucha”.

The article interviewed Keith Humphreys, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University, who said that the most compelling evidence that marijuana can be damaging comes from the users themselves.

“In large national surveys, about one in 10 people who smoke it say they have a lot of problems. They say things like, ‘I have trouble quitting. I think a lot about quitting and I can’t do it. I smoked more than I intended to. I neglect responsibilities.”

“There are plenty of people who have problems with it, in terms of things like concentration, short-term memory, and motivation. People will say, ‘Oh, that’s just you fuddy-duddy doctors.’ Actually no. It’s millions of people who use the drug who say that it causes problems,” Keith Humphreys responded for the article.

On the flip side, Jolene Forman, an attorney at the Drug Policy Alliance, said that “the vast majority of people who use cannabis are not going to be problematic users.” She argued that the legalization of cannabis would help. Legalizing weed has opened up the doors to having a strictly regulated market for the drug.

Lots of different proposals and sides were discussed within the article on what exactly should be done concerning marijuana with its newfound legalization happening quickly across the country. But the article ended by addressing the issue it set out to cover in the first place, “perhaps the most important [issue] might be reintroducing some reasonable skepticism about cannabis, especially until scientists have a better sense of the health effects of high-potency products, used frequently.”

For example, take a look at e-cigarettes and the quick shift that has taken place over the last couple of weeks on the safety of using these devices. Over the past couple of years, vaping has gained huge popularity especially among teens with 37% of high school seniors reporting that they’ve used the e-cigarettes. However a recent bout of deaths across the country, coupled with individuals reporting serious lung problems, have health officials now questioning exactly how safe the devices are. Harvard Health Publishing posted an article earlier this week questioning the safety of the devices and stating, “It took many years to recognize the damage cigarettes can cause. We could be on a similar path with vaping.”

Is marijuana in that same category? Not enough research or time has really passed to know yet. But as The Atlantic put it, “Until then, listening to and believing the hundreds of thousands of users who argue marijuana is not always benign might be a good start.”

The post America’s Invisible Pot Addicts appeared first on Blueline.

One of the biggest worries or impacts following marijuana’s legalization is the potential for high costs at employers’ expense. These costs can include higher worker’s compensation, more drug testing, and potential increased litigation costs. Current Compliance said that if even 1% of American small businesses have a marijuana-related court case each year, the cost to small businesses nationwide would be approximately 48 billion dollars annually.

Their survey also found that a large percentage of employers were confused as to whether they could still test for marijuana.

Yes! You can still test for marijuana. In fact, you should be!

As an employer you have the right to maintain a safe and drug-free workplace. With all of these changes in legislation, it is more important than ever before that employers protect themselves. The benefits and return on drug testing have withstood the test of time and will continue to help employers control and prevent liability costs.

If you have questions about drug testing or how you can improve your workplace program in order to protect your company, reach out to our drug testing department. You can reach them by phone or email: 888-919-8378 or mail@blueline-services.com.

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We thought that these statistics might be useful to consider as you strive to make or update your own workplace drug policies.

This NSC survey was taken by over 500 individuals that make decisions about workplace drug and alcohol programs for their companies. While 86% of the respondents agreed that opioids (even while taken as prescribed) impact job performance, only half (50%) of respondents felt confident about their company’s substance abuse policies and procedures.

Some other interesting statistics from the survey included:

-75% of employers have been directly affected by opioid use
-79% of employers are not very confident that individual employees can spot warning signs of opioid misuse
-One-third of employers have experienced an overdose, arrest, or injury/near-miss
-38% of employers have experienced absenteeism or impaired worker performance
–Despite widespread impact, only 17% of employers feel extremely well prepared to deal with this issue

Nick Smith, interim president and CEO of NSC said, “The opioid crisis is truly encompassing nearly every aspect of American lives. Today’s survey confirms that the No. 1 cause of preventable death is not just taking its toll on our home lives but companies across the country are also grappling with the impact of this epidemic.”

If you have questions about reasonable suspicion training or how you can help get your supervisors trained to handle drug and alcohol abuse within the workplace, please contact us! We’ll help you get it figured out. All Blueline Service clients have access to our FREE reasonable suspicion training materials.

You can contact our drug testing department at mail@blueline-services.com. Please feel free to take a look at NSC’s drug use guide as well here.

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